Italy's shock troops
The Arditi had been created and conceived as elite assault troops within the Royal Italian Army in 1917. Their name translates literally into daring or audacious. Their purpose was to operate in aggressive attacks in advance of main infantry, capture positions, and hold them until being reinforced. A notable mythos around the ‘daring’ nature of the Arditi was built up in Italy through propaganda of them attacking trenches with grenades and knives in their teeth. This was bolstered by the publication of various memoirs and accounts – that often strayed heavily into fiction – that blurred the lines further. Whilst the Arditi would not be formally created until 1917, their early precursors already existed. In the words of John Gooch ‘the first Italian assault detachments – which would become the Arditi – developed as an expansion of small units of esploratori who probed enemy defenses in the mountain zones in the first year of the war’. But as Vanda Wilcox also noted; ‘not until the Arditi units were formed in 1917 were any kind of complex tactics taught’.
Retaking Col Moschin and beyond
When the Austro-Hungarian army attacked at the Piave River in June 1918, the Italian army was well-prepared and managed to hold most of the attack around the mountains – losing some of their front-line positions - but were pushed back further near the river. On the 16th June, the IX Assault Unit of the Arditi was tasked with recapturing the summit of Col Moschin at Monte Grappa. In accordance with their training the XI Assault Unit launched a lightning attack on Austrian positions to drive the enemy out and then hold the lines until they could be reinforced by supporting infantry. This attack successfully recaptured positions on Col Moschin, Col della Berretta and Asolone.